Week 11-12: Finis

The end is here! Here is the end!
Professor Kendall gave me a gold star on my paper, and my presentation is ready to go. Yes, the gold star is a real physical gold star, and I am unusually proud of it.
The morning class finished up the chain of emperors with Septimius Severus and Caracalla.

They are pictured here with Julia Domna, and then Geta, poor Geta who was erased by Caracalla.

The afternoon class is finished with Mussolini and his "New Roman Empire." There is just something fundamentally wrong with a square Colosseum.

And this one is supposed to be a modern Pantheon...

 

Maybe this last post will just be of pretty pictures. I ended up comparing Obama's" "Hope" poster to the Prima Porta Augustus statue. The dolphin has a pug nose because dolphins can't stand on their noses. Go figure. 

 

I almost can't believe that this project is almost over. All that's left now is my final presentation which doesn't feel real. I'm excited about it, but I'm also quite nervous especially since I want to avoid a heated political debate. 

Here's another pretty picture of what Augustus' forum might have looked like. 

I'd like to thank Professor Kendall and Dr. Williams for helping and advising me on this project. I don't quite know how to put it into words. 

Hic est finis. This is the end. 

Week 10: Writing

Apologies if these posts are becoming rather boring, but my main focus is writing my paper now.

At the outset of my project, I wanted to avoid writing about politics, and look where I am now. Anyways, I'll be looking at both political propaganda put out by Obama and Augustus and media about them put out by the public. I won't be analyzing each man's character; I'll be looking at the persona that is created by them and forced upon them. The connecting thread between Augustus and Obama that I latched upon was the theme of hope. Augustus came to power when Rome was embroiled in civil war, and he put an end to it.  I also saw this between Nero and Obama, but the idea of propaganda is stronger between Augustus and Obama. Also, Augustus isn't remembered for fiddling while Rome burned, which helps. 

The afternoon class is in the French Revolution now(although, I don't think we've actually reached July 14 yet), and a couple of the classes have been spent looking at pretty pictures by Jacques Louis David. This ended up not being entirely relevant to my topic, but lots of pamphlets were printed during the time of the French Revolution expressing different opinions as well as offering a source of information to the public. This form of social media may be more formal than the words scrawled on a tavern wall, but these pamphlets were the "tweets" of the time. There were new ones every day, and they were widely circulated. That was a bit of a digression, ah well. 

The end is in sight. 

Week 8-9: Presidents and Emperors

Even with spring break being over, there still seems to be a general lack of people on campus.

The major thing that happened and is worth sharing is that I've changed my final paper topic again, and it will probably make some people mad. I'm going to compare a US president to a Roman emperor in terms of how their image was created by social media. The first idea was to compare Obama to Nero and Nixon to Domitian. Professor Kendall and I discussed which presidents to use and which were least likely to incite a riot...because you know, avoiding riots is usually better for everyone involved. To this end, Professor Kendall and I changed the Obama/Nero comparison to Obama and Augustus. This gives me the opportunity to focus on public language in propaganda which is all around better. I'm writing the first draft now. Yeah, that's what my weeks are now: writing, reading, class, writing.

The afternoon class moved past the Renaissance and onto the Enlightenment, and the reading for that time period was Montesquieu and Gibbon. Both were about the fall of Rome. The morning class studied "the five good emperors," Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius. The term "five good emperors" was coined by Gibbon oddly enough.

Week 7: Mentioned by Pasquino

So last week the UofA was on spring break so I didn't have class. Not having class left lots of time for sleep among other productive things such as reading and trying to write an introduction.

Pasquino and Marfario are two of the "talking statues" that are placed around Rome. Individuals would post short snippets of verse criticizing the pope on the statues for everyone else to see. Due to this, Pasquino was put under surveillance so then other statues like Marfario appeared and continued the practice. It's like an early Twitter in a way. "Marfario mentioned Pasquino in a tweet" or something would be a normal notification, and anonymous individuals had conversations as these statues. These statues remain today as well as records of some of their interactions. I can see it now...@Marfario replied to your tweet...


Marforio:- Dimmi: che fai Pasquino? (Pasquino, tell me: what are you doing?)
Pasquino:- Eh, guardo Roma, chè non vada a Urbino. (I watch over Rome, to make sure it's not moved to Urbino)

Reading and writing about them as well as reading Machiavelli's Discourses on Livy made up my break. Hope everyone's break was relaxing and enjoyable!

Week 6: Pen to Paper

The major event that happened this week is that I've further refined my project's topic. Professor Kendall and I went over an outline and brainstormed topics to write upon, and I'm going to compare the following:

• Roman gravestone inscriptions to modern gravestone inscriptions
• Twitter to Roman epigraphy in general 
• Yes this will get narrowed and refined because it's a general comparison. 
• Roman building dedications to modern building dedications

The morning class is learning about Trajan right now with his military excursions everywhere. On Friday, Professor Kendall was going to talk about the bath complex he built, but it was the Friday before spring break. A long lecture would not have been welcome. 

The afternoon class is reading Machiavelli's Discourses on Livy, and it seems like a satire. He may or may not be serious, but as I read it I feel like he's thumbing his nose at everyone. 

The morning class studied Titus a week or two ago, and I'm going to use the inscriptions on his arch in order to look at memory. The arch was put up by his younger brother Domitian after Titus' death. This is the inscription Domitian put on the arch when he built it. 

SENATVS

POPVLVSQUE ROMANVS

DIVO TITO DIVI VESPASIANI F

VESPASIANO AUGUSTO

The Senate and People of Rome

To the divine Titus Vespasian Augustus son on the divine Vespasian

On the other side of the arch, a pope put up an inscription of his own. 

INSIGNE RELIGIONES ATQUE ARTIS MONVMENTVM 

VETUSTATE FATISCENS

PIVS SEPTIMIVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS

MOVIS OPERIBUS PRISCVM EXEMPLAR IMITANTIBUS

FVLCIRI SERVARIQUE IVSSIT

ANNO SACRI PRINCIPATVS EIVS XXIIII

(This) monument, remarkable in terms of both religion and art, had weakened from age: 

Pius the Seventh, Supreme Pontiff,

by new works on the model of the ancient exemplar ordered it reinforced and preserved.

In the year of his sacred rule the 24th.

Looking at gravestones, I found that we remember people by the same markers as the Romans did: family relations, age(to an extent), other associations the deceased belonged to. For buildings, I'm going to look at the same thing. 

Week 5: AP Euro and Gravestones

Managed to remember the "k" this time. All is well.
Boccaccio and Botticelli AND Beccaria...too much too much. Seriously, trying to remember what each of these guys did can cause a minor headache.

The afternoon class is getting more into the Renaissance and how it connects back to Rome which is important for my topic of memory. Speaking of memory, I went to a cemetery this week to see how we memorialize people today as opposed to when the Romans were putting up funerary inscriptions.

The grave inscriptions I saw and Roman funerary monuments are strikingly similar. Grave markers from both the modern and ancient world included the name of the deceased(duh) and often some sort of familial relation. The Roman gravestones often didn't record the exact day of death, and if the deceased age was included it was often approximate.

Take 2 since it didn't save last time...
At the outset of my project, I thought I was going to look at literacy and language in public writing to see what it says about society as a whole, but attending classes and reading books has changed the focus of my project. Now I'm looking at memory in the form of twitter and gravestones, and I've found that graffiti doesn't fit in so much anymore. It's been a refinement process because I didn't realize just how huge my topic was.

Here's an example of a funerary inscription.
AE 1962.70 – Merida, Spain – probably 2nd

D M S
LUTATIA LUPATA ANN XVI
LUTATIA SEVERA ALUMNAE
H S E S T T L

Edited:
D(is) M(anibus) S(acrum)
LUTATIA LUPATA ANN(os) XVI
LUTATIA SEVERA ALUMNAE
H(aec) S(ita) E(st) S(it) T(ibi) T(erra) L(evis)

Translated:
To the Underworld Gods,
Lutatia Lupata 16 years
Foster child of Lutatia Severa
She lies here. May the earth rest lightly on you.

Here's a modern one.

Hope everyone's well! 

Week 4: Death by Pollen

Allergies are killing me. I don't have time to feel sick, but sick I feel. Also, sneezing in a library feels like an unforgivable sin. 

Anyways, Rome has fallen...in the afternoon class at least. Now we're moving onto looking at how Rome was viewed in the Renaissance. I'm looking forward to this because this gets into the idea of Rome and memory which is what my project might be kind of about. 

The morning class is moving onto Trajan next who built a bath complex! I might love Roman baths a little too much. 

Both classes discussed Domitian and Tacitus' Agricola which was Tacitus' eulogy of sorts for his father. In it he talks about all of Agricola's finest moments as governor while mentioning Domitian as a way to show just how bad Domitian was as an emperor. It was a bit of a deja vu moment in the afternoon class, and honestly, Domitian wasn't that bad. Treason trials were never good, but he wasn't as bad as Tacitus made him out to be. 

Publication: AE 1940     EDCS-ID: EDCS-15300223

Province: Roma         Place: Roma

Therm(ae) Traian(i)

Translation: Baths of Trajan

That's the inscription on the complex which in his time would've been a form of propaganda to promote his image. Now, it remains on a feature of Roman society that was distinctly Roman. 

Here's another picture of public writing that I've collected. What everyone assumes to be graffiti is actually dipinti because graffiti has to be carved into its medium. Anyways, the above picture is taken from a bathroom in BASIS, and the message is written on the stall wall with silver sharpie.
For these epigraphs, I'm considering questions about who wrote it and why did they write it as well as the deeper meaning behind a simple phrase. In the way that Latin inscriptions are a window into Roman society, I'm looking at the modern ones I find for what insight they offer about our modern society.

Who wrote this? Seeing as it was found in a girl's bathroom, I think we're safe in assuming that it was not written by an 8th grade boy. Then again, his shenanigans are his own. 

Why was it written? Notice the grammar structure of this particular epigraph. The command to "be happy" is imploring whomever is in the stall to, very simply, be happy. The why was it written connects to deeper meanings behind this public writing. While on the surface it seems rather inane, it could relate to deeper issues such as depression. 

And the hashtag, oh the hashtag, "You only live once." The abbreviated hashtag is a reason for the reader to be happy. Personally, I find YOLO to be used to often as a means of justifying blatant stupidity. The phrase is thrown around because...yolo. The idea is the same as carpe diem which was at the end of one of Horace's odes. Although the words have changed, the idea of living in the moment connects this scrawled bathroom message to Horace and the Romans. 

BkI:XI Carpe Diem

Leuconoë, don’t ask, we never know, what fate the gods grant us,

whether your fate or mine, don’t waste your time on Babylonian,

futile, calculations. How much better to suffer what happens,

whether Jupiter gives us more winters or this is the last one,

one debilitating the Tyrrhenian Sea on opposing cliffs.

Be wise, and mix the wine, since time is short: limit that far-reaching hope.

The envious moment is flying now, now, while we’re speaking:

Seize the day, place in the hours that come as little faith as you can.

Ita, carpe diem, amici. 

Wee[k] 3: Bear Down Domitian

I'm reposting a thing because I can't figure out how to edit something and make that edit stick.

I'll be heading to the UA in approximately 10 hours...

Week 3 has gone by incredibly fast. I'm learning a lot about Rome, and it's nice to be able to sit and read and learn. Professor Kendall and I discussed the topic for my final paper, and after talking it through, I decided to write about the idea of memory in relation to these epigraphs(like the one below). She gave me an article to read about Roman triumphal painting which is exactly what it sounds like. There were a few sections of the article that mentioned memory, and those piqued my interest, helping me to decide on my topic. I have since passed the article on to Hope, and this was the way information got around in ye olden days of no electronics. It reminded me of a passage I read in a book about how individuals would read a book or pamphlet then pass it on to a friend and so on. Anyways, hey look! Pictures!

For the final product of my project, I'm going to create a corpus of epigraphs from around Tucson, and this is one I found on the UA campus on Friday, "Bear Down" with a  backwards "N." This epigraph is promoting school spirit. The success of the basketball team could act as a catalyst for school spirit. Maybe the individual who wrote this is an avid basketball fan. It's unclear from just the text. Sharpies are permanent, easily accessible, and quick for writing something that you want to be permanent. This was written with sharpie on a metal maintenance box of some sort. The Romans used to inscribe epigraphs into metal, and they considered something inscribed into metal to be "ultra" permanent. I think times have changed. Sharpie can be scrubbed off if one is persistent enough while an inscription has to be carved away(see below). This potentially says that public writing does not possess the same level of permanence that it had during the Roman's time. Although, we have the internet where everything is permanent. 

The morning class finished Vespasian in a day which I was a bit sad about. The guy seems pretty cool. Now we have moved onto Domitian, Vespasian's youngest son who was never intended to be emperor. 

This is an inscription about or to Domitian. Most emperors were deified, but the one's that weren't received what was called a damnatio memoriae. It was a posthumous condemnation by the Senate that was intended to erase an mention of the damned individual from society. I wrote my Capstone Latin paper on this idea, and it ties into my SRP as well. An inscription in stone was meant to be permanent, but when it's erased, the erasure is made permanent. This damnatio memoriae was not successful because we know Domitian's name and life. Professor Kendall's morning class went over Domitian's like and rule which provided me with background as to why the Senate hated him. He treated them like the advisory board that they were which put a twist in their togas. Did he deserve to be publicly erased from memory? Maybe, Suetonius certainly thinks so. 

Laborate bene, amici.  

Week 2: When in doubt...read.

Salvete; qui vales? 

This week has still been lots of reading and attending classes. My morning class finished with Nero on Friday. From hearing and reading about Nero, I've learned about what kind of legacy people can leave. To the common people of Rome he was great, but it was only the ruling classes that had problems with him. After all a damnatio memoriae or obliteration-of-any-trace-of-you-anywhere was passed and executed by the Senate, well the ones that Nero hadn't executed yet. 

Theodore Mommsen's Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum is amazing and utterly insane to finally see. These volumes would literally stop a bullet, probably multiple of not too large a caliber to be honest. Right now, I'm looking at part I of volume VI which is only a portion of the inscriptions from Rome. ONLY ROME! This is where I got the idea of doing this project on literacy because Mommsen cataloged thousands and thousands of inscriptions, but these are still a very small percentage of what existed during Roman times due to, you know, that ever present thing called time. Anyways, if the number of inscriptions and instances of public writing was even more common in antiquity than what we can see of it, then there must have been a significant percentage of people that could read it, right? 

One of the books I'm reading tracks public writing and social media circles from the time of Cicero through till modern day, and it has been a useful resource for seeing how people have changed the way in which they share information. 

Professor Kendall's morning class is more about how high profile individuals, emperors, are remembered while the afternoon class is said to be more about Rome as a whole. I'm not sure; Wednesday we were killing off Brutus and being lectured on the ramifications of reading Caesar's will in public. Was he or was he not a tyrant? That is the question. It's interesting because he left a legacy. Next is how Rome was viewed during the Renaissance...flashback to 10th grade APEuro. 

I haven't gotten much into the twitter side of things yet...

Week 1: Gotta Start Somewhere...

Imagine that there is some sort of clever introduction here because I've got nothing other than a bunch of excitement about my project. Salvete amici. (equivalent to "hello friends")

For this particular endeavor, I am looking at public language(graffiti, dipinti, and twitter) and why it matters. Even though so little of it remains from the Roman period, public language was an important part of their culture. It allows us the opportunity to better understand their world, and I'm looking at to see what public language says about our modern world. I had initially thought that I would be looking into the language and literacy associated with public language, but the more I read and think about the topic, the more ideas I generate.

On a mildly related and important side note, my BASIS advisor is Dr. Williams who has helped me so much with research for all my classes. His proper title is The Most Honorable Herr Professor Doctor Magister Williams, but that gets a little lengthy to type up each time. My on-site advisor at the University of Arizona is Professor Jennifer Kendall who has already been a great help to me even though the first week has been mostly figuring out scheduling matters. Not only has she been helping me with research and contextualizing the Roman epigraphy I'm looking at, she is also more than willing to chat about the figure skating at Sochi.

Back to the ideas, I know that I need to edit my ideas down so that I can end up with a focused final product, but I have a few possible themes that I am considering at the moment. The idea of literacy and the meaning of symbols gets into a lot of semiotics business which is a headache to most.

As a continuation of my Latin capstone paper, I would look at the permanence of language and memory in public writing. The Romans had ways of messing with the permanence of an inscription, and digital social networking today has its ramifications for posts. I'm thinking about looking at the permanence of memory, language, an individual, or the permanence of a culture.

Also, by looking at the people who are putting up this public writing I can get a sense of the deeper meaning behind the latest tweet from an individual. The writing comes from both minorities and groups already in power although the same vehicle of public writing is being used to convey opposite meanings.

 For an overarching concept, I'd like to gain an understanding of why any of this matters. Why are humans so inclined to sharing everything and making these connections? Basically, what is the point of all of this?

This week, while figuring out scheduling issues, has been a lot of reading with my nose in various books. There's already a stack of books on epigraphy and social media sitting on my desk waiting for me to read. Professor Kendall and Dr. Williams have been especially helpful with providing me with background reading to inform the direction of my research about modern epigraphy.

Professor Kendall has offered for me to sit in on her two classes. One in the mornings is about several Roman emperors who may not be as bad as they are made out to be. Nero, well he wasn't fiddling while Rome burned that's for sure, and this is because the fiddle wasn't invented yet. From this class, I'm seeing how what monuments he put up affected the public's view of him as an individual and a leader. Her afternoon class is about how other cultures have viewed Rome throughout history going up to Mussolini and WWII.

I'd thought that college classes would be startlingly different from high school classes, but it turns out that that's not true, for humanities at least. Well, the desks are quite a bit smaller, and more people are in what appear to be pajamas with the accompanying flip flops.

The first week was really to iron out any details we could think of for starting out, but now that those are smoothed over, I can't wait to start reading and researching more about my topic.

Valete.
(Be well.)